By Pedro Pizano
July 21, 2009

At the hearings to confirm Sotomayor’s nomination to the Supreme court it seems the issue is not her views on some of the most pressing issues of our times (like abortion or the capital punishment), but on her racial background.

In any case, the law (and the woman behind the bench), is supposed to have no race or skin-color. Yet, it cannot be denied that cultural diversity is useful to put a case in context rather than to create prejudice for or against it.

The arguments against Sotomayor’s confirmation that have been made by die-hard republicans and, of course, the NRA, are based on a comment, a ruling, and her 12 years as a board member of Latino Justice, (formerly known as the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (PRLDEF)), almost as if her 17 years of experience as a federal judge didn’t count, nor her top-of-her-class honors from Princeton Law.

‘I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn’t lived that life,” Sotomayor said in a 2001 speech. A comment which have led many, as Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Al.), to say that she’s a ‘reverse racist.”

This would mean, at least for Republicans, that if Sotomayor were to be confirmed, she would use her bully pulpit to favor Hispanic and other minorities.

Sotomayor recently explained what she had meant by her “wise Latina” phrase. “I used a rhetorical figure that didn’t work. It was unfortunate because it gave the impression that I believe that personal experiences shape the outcome of a case but that is clearly not what I do as a Judge.” “The goal of that speech,” she continued, “ was to motivate students, lawyers, and Hispanics to understand how their personal experiences enrich the law… Life experience has to influence you, we are not robots that see proofs without feeling. We have to recognize our feelings and put them aside. That was what my speech [back in 2001] said.”

Sen. Sessions, who’s also the highest ranking Republican in the Senate Judiciary Committee, said those words said back in 2001 were “completely the opposite of what you are saying now.” Sen. Sessions is also afraid that her judicial “philosophy” will “blossom” in the highest seat in the nation where she will not be subject to revision from a higher court.

These arguments made against the nomination by the Republicans are futile since they themselves have recognized that they do not have enough votes to impede her confirmation by the senate. Even more, Sen. Sessions, who led the attacks against Sotomayor, has a history of ‘insensitivity” in regards to racial issues. Some reports even say that during his nomination hearings, Session said jokingly that that the Ku Klux Klan wouldn’t be as bad if some of its members didn’t smoke Marijuana.

So, in short, Republicans are using the hearings to advance their own agenda with no regard as to what the purpose of the hearings are in the first place. The purpose of their questions against Sotomayor don’t intend to prove whether she’s ready for the supreme court or not, they just want to gain points with their voters. Not that they even need it, of course. In the case of Sen. Sessions (R.-Al), he was reelected with 64% of the vote in 2008. Then again, Alabama is a state where Obama (the first African American president ever) only got 10% of the white American voters.

The problem lies in the fact that Hispanics are still perceived of being of a lower class in a country which paradoxically proclaims itself to be classless. The influx of immigrants from Mexico, Central and South America who hold what some people call “menial jobs”, has created a racial prejudice. And while prejudices serve as self-defense mechanisms in emergency situations (i.e. crossing the street when a hooded man with baggy pants approaches you in a dark alley), once in a while someone like Sotomayor comes along, someone who’s ready to prove everyone wrong and become, without doubt, the first Hispanic ever in the supreme court.

Image taken from here.

Some facts and quotations taken from Maribel Hastings’ article in Spanish. (Read it here)

“Good advertising can only make a bad product fail faster.”

By Pedro Pizano
Jul 15, 2009

In the art or science of thrusting things into people’s attention when people do not believe that they deserve to be there, (i.e. MARKETING), the “Colombia is Passion” video has made its claim to fame.

This three-minute clip has been broadcasted over the Internet and on national TV, both in English, Spanish, French and German, as part of a nation-wide campaign to change the world’s perception of Colombia.

The story is as follows. In 1996 the Colombia Government approached one of the leading authorities on country branding, Mr. David Lightle, to ask him to create a marketing campaign to improve the country’s image. Mr. Lightle went to Bogotá, looked around and said, “Don’t waste your money,” according to Matt Moffett from the Wall Street Journal.

When the new government headed by Alvaro Uribe called Mr. Lightle again in 2004, the country seemed to have become better organized (or in the very least had money to waste) and Mr. Lightle accepted the offer and designed the “Colombia is Passion” campaign of which the video is its flagship.

The video has become so popular that, on YouTube alone, many different groups have uploaded about 300 videos on the same subject. Some of the titles are as follows: “Find out the truth about Colombia,” “The Colombian army is full of Passion”, and “The risk is wanting to stay”.

The original video “Colombia is Passion”, designed by Mr. Lightle, has been watched almost one million times on YouTube. It uses a little sweet-voiced Colombian girl that speaks in English to narrate a carefully constructed discourse. For example she says, “and all of them share one thing….[a] passion for peace. Perhaps, now you will think differently about my country because what I have just showed you reflects who we truly are. Colombia is all about Colombians, that’s why Colombia is Passion!”

Apart from the obvious grammatical error, the angle from which is made seems to be quite clear. That is, the over-the-top hyperbolic reworking of Colombia’s élan vital with the objective to change the world’s perception of a country that in the 1990’s had been put on the U.S.A. black list with countries such as North Korea and Cuba.

The clip starts off with the sounds of coffee beans splashing across the screen falling at the rhythm of rapid-fire drumming, and then moves on to show the famous emeralds, a parrot to endorse the country’s biodiversity and finally in a carefully constructed transition we start hearing new-age operatic voices while we watch the beaches and mountains of Colombia as if seen from the window of a private airplane. Afterwards, we hear for the first time the voice of the little girl, while at the same time we are shown a picture of a blonde girl perched upon a tractor. In the next clip we see her cuddled by her mother. She says: “This is how my country looks from the outside. Now I want you to see it from the inside.”

And so it continues, the girl is always the narrator, and the positivist images, coupled with slide-shows, come in rapid succession as the girl describes them. “There is progress, exquisite coffee, countless beautiful women and orchids… we have art, just think of Master Fernando Botero’s art. The man who made the world fall in love with the chubby ones…”

It is very well made and carefully constructed. The girl provides emotional appeal, the images visual stimulation. The film-making leaves you breathless and at the end your perception of Colombia has been changed forever and for the better. Let’s just hope that the prophetic words of Bill Bernbach don’t hold true in this case: “Good advertising can only make a bad product fail faster.”

Picture taken from nation-branding (Good resource about this advertising phenomenon)

First sentence by Simon Anholt.

By Pedro Pizano
Jul, 15, 2009

Colombia has been nation-branded, following the latest fads in advertising, as “Colombia is Passion.” The ulterior motives for such a campaign are unclear but it is obvious that the intent is to change the world’s perception of its war ridden hostage situation.

The flagship of this campaign is a video, in English, blatantly advertising all the wonders of Colombia. It is complemented with “Colombia is Passion” merchandise and a countrywide campaign to change Colombians’ perception of themselves. This campaign has achieved spectacular results. In just two years tourism increased by 65%, and not only that, it has created what can only be called a brainwashing of its citizens. Colombians now believe they live in one of the happiest countries in the world, as related by two studies on world happiness done in 2003 by the University of Erasmus at Rotterdam, and in 2005 by the New Economic Foundation in London.

Brainwashing may be strong term but it can be argued that the campaign of Colombia is Passion is partly responsible for Colombian’s thinking so highly of themselves. In a nation-wide summon for letters, The Luis Angel Arango Public Library (the most visited public library in the world per day), received around 7,000 letters that related personal stories of dealing with violence. The subsequent exhibition was called “Letters of Persistence.” According to the curator, Maria Ospina, a Harvard PhD in comparative literature, about 500 of them (10%) echoed the words of the “Colombia is Passion” advertising. 

“People were asked to write about how they had overcome and persisted violence through their personal life stories,” Ospina said in an email, “About 500 of those letters responded with: “Colombia is beautiful, it has two oceans, many natural resources, frogs, etc. That is, they couldn’t talk about their personal life but rather fell back into what the propaganda [Colombia es Pasión] was saying.”

If Colombians have a passion for something it’s a passion for killing their brothers. A passion that has spanned a couple of centuries and has left the county ravaged by “underground” civil wars after civil wars. Yet, the country still manages to proclaim itself as the longest standing democracy in South America. It seems then, that this whole self- deception has become a habit in Colombia.  Colombians can’t handle the truth, so they prefer to hide it. Even Gabriel Garcia Marquez disguises it in his style of writing, which has been tied up in the most simplistic of terms as “magical realism”: “Magical realism is perfectly suited to a country like Colombia, where the truth is often so terrible and unspeakable that it needs to be told as if it were a fantasy,” according to New York Times contributor Silvana Paternostro.

Here’s a bit of that truth. In the 1990’s the eruption of cocaine consumption and the subsequent rise of Drug Barons such as Pablo Escobar made Colombia one of the most dangerous countries in the world. At some point it had the highest murder and kidnapping rate in the world. Put on the black list with countries such as North Korea and Cuba, tourism was at an all time low in the 1996. In 2002, Alvaro Uribe’s new government created and paid for an advertising campaign to brand Colombia as a country of passionate, good people.

There’s nothing wrong with advertising a country’s positive points but the historical situation in which this advertisement was created and the denial of where the money comes from to pay for this advertisement (The government paid for 65% of the costs) seems to tell another story. (Read a brief history of the Colombia is Passion Campaign)

How does the video make us forget all of this underlying violence?

With mesmerizing cinematography of the countries astounding biodiversity and a little girl speaking in English with a Colombian accent, the video tells the world how Colombia is composed of “ many, many, many good people… we Colombians, are ordinary people…people with problems but who are nonetheless considered among the happiest under the sun.”

Sometimes the video comes through as a catch-22: trying to hide the holocaust behind the images using all the tricks of the trade. Again, much in the same way Philip Morris was able to market filtered cigarettes as being healthy in 1932. Where does advertising stop and deceiving begin?

As Simon Jenkins says in the Guardian on Feb 8, 2007, “Passion alone won’t rescue Colombia from its narco-economy stigma.” Colombia still produces 80% of the cocaine that is consumed in the U.S. and 50% of its heroin (even after 6 billion dollars of U.S. aid to fight the drug war). Whichever way you turn the pancake, it is a country laden with Drug Money.

If you want to delve further into it, it has one of the biggest populations of displaced people in the world, second only to Sudan and there are still 700 people, or more, held hostage in the jungle by left wing narco-terrorist group the FARC.

St. Tertius, on a comment left on the guardian article mentioned above, equates the video “Colombia is Passion” to what the Catholic Church has been doing for years on end, i.e. concealing and distorting the truth. He says on Feb 9, 2007,  “I hate the “Colombia es pasión” advertisement. Its not-so-subtle religious undertones reminds many of us of the times when referring to Colombia as “el País del Sagrado Corazón” [Land of the Sacred Heart] wasn’t intended as a complement, but as an indictment for the most backward aspects of its culture.”

Nonetheless, the video is very well made, so much that Colombians themselves have begun to believe that Colombia is a perfect, happy place and that it can live up to the Lonely Planet accolade as the 9th best tourist attraction in 2006.  Aren’t there some really obvious problems that have to be dealt with, though?

Where is the fine line between fantasy and reality? It lies in the crack between the message announced by the Colombia is Passion video and the Confession of one of the para-military leaders, (private armies who vow to kill every last FARC rebel) who avowed before an U.S. court to at least 300 murders (the Colombian police holds him responsible for the deaths of more than 7,000 Colombians).

Where is the truth? It’s certainly not in this Public Service Announcement.

In a campaign similar to that of Philip Morris with the Marlboro brand, Colombia is trying to change the world’s perception of its war ridden hostage situation in much the same way as Philip Morris hid the relationship between smoking and cancer for so many years. This time it’s in the form of a video called “Colombia is Passion.”

Since the 1990’s, with the eruption of cocaine consumption and the rise of Drug Barons such as Pablo Escobar, Colombia has been perceived as one of the most dangerous countries to visit. Put on the black list with countries such as North Korea and Cuba, tourism was at an all time low in the 1990’s. In response to this “dire” situation the new government of Colombia, headed by Alvaro Uribe, (who was elected in 2002) created and paid for a 4 million-dollar advertising campaign to brand Colombia as a country of passionate, good people.

The result is a video, in English, blatantly advertising all the wonders of Colombia, coupled with merchandise, and a countrywide campaign to change Colombians’ perception of themselves. This campaign has achieved spectacular results. In just two years tourism increased by 65%, and not only that, it has created what can only be called a brainwashing of its citizens. Colombians now believe they live in one of the happiest countries in the world, as related by two studies on world happiness done in 2003 and 2005, by the University of Erasmus at Rotterdam and the New Economic Foundation in London, respectively.

There’s nothing wrong with advertising a country’s positive points but the historical situation in which this advertisement was created and the denial of where the money comes from to pay for this advertisement (The government paid for 65% of the costs) seems to tell another story.

As Simon Jenkins says in the Guardian on Feb 8, 2007, “Passion alone won’t rescue Colombia from its narco-economy stigma.” Colombia still produces 90% of the cocaine that is consumed in the U.S. and 60% of its heroin (even after 6 billion dollars of U.S. aid to fight the drug war). Whatever way you turn the pancake, it is a country laden with Drug Money.

If you want to delve further into it, it has one of the biggest populations of displaced people in the world, second only to Sudan and there are still 700 people, or more, held hostage in the jungle by the FARC.

How does the video make us forget all of this?

With mesmerizing cinematography of the countries astounding biodiversity and a little girl speaking in English with a Colombian accent, the video tells the world how Colombia is composed of “ many, many, many good people… we Colombians, are ordinary people…people with problems but who are nonetheless considered among the happiest under the sun.”

Sometimes the video feels as if it is trying to hide the holocaust behind the images using all the tricks of the trade. Again, much in the same way Philip Morris was able to market filtered cigarettes as being healthy. Where does advertising stop and deceiving begin?

St. Tertius, on a comment left on the guardian article mentioned above, equates the video “Colombia is Passion” to what the Catholic Church has been doing for years on end; he says on Feb 9, 2007,  “I hate the “Colombia es pasión” advertisement. Its not-so-subtle religious undertones reminds many of us of the times when referring to Colombia as “el País del Sagrado Corazón” [Land of the Sacred Heart] wasn’t intended as a complement, but as an indictment for the most backward aspects of its culture.”

Nonetheless, the video is very well made, so much that Colombians themselves have began to believe that Colombia is a perfect, happy place and that it can and will live up to the Lonely Planet accolade as the 9th best tourist attraction in 2006.  Aren’t there some really obvious problems that have to be dealt with, though?

If Colombians have a passion for something it’s a passion for killing their brothers. A passion that has spanned a couple of centuries and has left the county ravaged by “underground” civil wars after civil wars. Yet, the country still manages to proclaim itself as the longest standing democracy in South America. It seems then, that this whole self- deception has become a habit in Colombia.  Colombians can’t handle the truth, so they prefer to hide it. Even Gabriel Garcia Marquez disguises it in his style of writing, which has been tied up in the most simplistic of terms as “magical realism”: “Magical realism is perfectly suited to a country like Colombia, where the truth is often so terrible and unspeakable that it needs to be told as if it were a fantasy,” according to New York Times contributor Silvana Paternostro.

Where is the fine line between fantasy and reality? It lies in the crack between the message announced by the Colombia is Passion video and the Confession of one of the Paramilitary leaders, (private armies who vow to kill every last FARC rebel) who avowed before an U.S. court to at least 300 murders (the Colombian police holds him responsible for the deaths of more than 7,000 Colombians).

Where is the truth? It’s certainly not in this Public Service Announcement.

By Pedro Pizano

Paternostro, Silvana My Colombian War: a journey through the country I left behind 310pp. Holt and Company $16.00
________________________________________________________________________

When Silvana Paternostro, a Colombian-born journalist and one of 50 Latin American Leaders for the New Millennium, went home for a writing seminar with the most renowned of all Colombian novelists and a former journalist, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, she realized that the “magical realism” of Colombia had become an imaginary world of horror stories. “I am here as the journalist who went to Colombia to move between the magical and the real—and sometime actually the awful…. except I like to call my stories non-fiction magical realism,” Paternostro said once in L.A.

My Colombian War is a moving and horrifying account of how Paternostro tried to recover the magical realism of her childhood by trying to be a war reporter in that forsaken land. It is written in short bursts of beautiful heart-wrenching prose that makes one (or me at least) cry at the despair and hope her words and phrases convey.

“To them [Colombians], Colombia might not be at war,” Paternostro says in the book, “But I am at war with Colombia. I am going back because there is a war, brutal war, a war full of horror. I am going to tell them that each and every one knows it, allows it, and hides it. Everyone has blood on their hands. I want everyone to plead guilty.”

The only way to fight any war is through words. As Paternostro says, “Magical realism is perfectly suited to a country like Colombia, where the truth is often so terrible and unspeakable that it needs to be told as if it were a fantasy,” and therein lies her strife.

My Colombian War tells the tale of Paternostro’s journey through her childhood on an assignment from the New York Times. Her initial intent was to write about Colombia’s war by visiting her grandfather’s farm, El Carmen. Through a personal experience and personal history she sought to recreate the country’s fight over land that has been reenacted by different groups since the birth of the modern Colombian Republic in 1820. At first it was a blood bath between Liberals and Conservatives, then it was genocide between Liberals and Conservatives, then it was a massacre between the FARC, the ELN, the Army, the Police and the AUC. And so it will go on forever if no one is willing to stop the vicious cycle of fighting for land in Colombia.

For some, the history of Colombia becomes the background in which Paternostro self-aggrandizes her emotions and they write off the book as a narcissistic but brilliant fictional narrative, for others the local becomes the universal and through her life we understand the whole; “Blending superb reportage with poignant personal stories, she offers stunning, comprehensive narrative of Colombia’s complicated past and present,” as the back cover explains.

In the end no one else could have written this book: her qualities as a reporter, her emotional grandeur and analysis could have only come from someone like Paternostro. Her story is in itself magical realism and her war with language and with life brings with it great literature in the making. I would put it next to Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia Marquez: his best story and the one that has lived in my mind the longest and the most. Happy reading!

“Completely love it. Completely fit in,” said Bernardo Vargas, 20, and SMG Rising Junior about being an international student and an immigrant for at least four years at Boston University. Still, having been born in Monterrey Mexico, he told me the following story: “When the swine flu epidemic broke out, my boss called me to ask if I was feeling well, if maybe I had a cold or was coughing.” I asked Bernardo if he thought his boss only called because he was Mexican. Vargas didn’t hesitate for a second and answered: “Yes…. that is precisely the expression of America’s long time fear of the unknown….”

whole article

FINAL DRAFT

By Pedro Pizano June 7, 2009

“Completely love it. Completely fit in,” said Bernardo Vargas, 20, and SMG Rising Junior about his time as an international student at BU. Having been born in Monterrey, he expected to experience a certain amount of prejudice. “When the swine flu epidemic broke out, my boss [at BU] called me to ask if I was feeling well, if maybe I had a cold or was coughing.” I asked Bernardo if he thought his boss only called because Bernardo was Mexican. Bernardo didn’t hesitate for a second and answered: “Yes, that is precisely the expression of America’s long time fear of the ‘unknown’.” By unknown he is referring to the prejudices Americans have about immigrants. Recently, if you’re Mexican you’re supposed to have had contact with people who have swine flu and if you’re Colombian you will always have cocaine to sell. Right?

For BU students Melody Feo, 20, and Hector Oseguera, 21, daughter and son of former illegal immigrants and now naturalized American citizens, the ‘prejudice of the unknown’ has created other difficulties. They both grew up in neighborhoods that were primarily Hispanic, and like Bernardo, they have no problem fitting in although it has troubled them in certain episodes of their life. “I have never felt any pressure from anyone or anything about being an immigrant,” said Melody. She remembers, though, that when she was 8, she realized that she couldn’t participate in any of the extra-curricular activities at her elementary school because her parents were not legal residents of Parsippany, NJ. “It felt like a cold sadness that swept through the house. I was too young to understand why I couldn’t play with the other kids.” She now knows that this sadness was caused by her parent’s melancholy for a forsaken land and their silent acceptance of the trials they were enduring.

From these student’s experiences it seems that once they arrived to BU their trials were over. Boston University has, in the end, “one of the highest numbers of international students among American colleges and universities,” according to the Mission Statement for the Global Future written by the President’s council. And as such, it is a place where prejudices are confronted, differences are resolved and respect is learned towards other’s cultures.

The incoming freshman class for 2007, for example, was 68% white, 15% Asian, 7% international students, 7% Hispanic, and 2% black. And that is only the freshman class. In 2007, including graduate students and non-degree students, 12.8 % of the university-wide student population at BU was Hispanic. That means that were about 4,000 students that declared themselves as Hispanics. And that means Hector, Melody and Hector are part of a critical mass that everyday changes everybody’s prejudices about Latin American Immigrants.

Melody, Hector and Bernardo have always declared themselves as Hispanic though they are to all eyes and ears, American. They’ve never denied their culture, speak their mother tongue with perfect fluidity and the three of them want to go back to their country when they have finished their studies. Yet, Hector knows that many Americans are still not comfortable with the idea that the U.S has no official language though English is by default the “norm”. Some Americans feel the same discomfort when they feel that a part of somebody else’s culture is becoming part of what Americans consider absolutely American. For example Hector says that when he worked in a supermarket he never understood why Americans complained about the existence of a Spanish Aisle at supermarkets. Maybe those people need to come to Boston University, or maybe the U.S needs to become more like Boston University.

I was young and unafraid then, but that didn’t make me any less nervous when I invited her on a date. Her flat-capped silver hair had enamored me and she was the prize one had to go get in our little circle of friends. Paula was her name.

“There’s this party at my school on Friday…” I asked her one sunny day when sitting on the steps of her fake marble Doric-column porch.

“… And I’m going,” she said.

I should have known she would answer like that. I mean, of course. She already knew at 14 she wanted to become a professional go-cart racer and she was well on her way to becoming one. Who would have ever thought she didn’t know what she wanted?

We finally met at the gym in my school: a building too big for a 14-year old party. Boys could still be seen discussing among themselves which girl to ask out, while the girls, presuming complete indifference, were sitting down on their chit chatty chairs. It was a complete flop

But on that night, when dust still sparked in the sky, I wanted to kiss her.

Our hands silently locked while we walked towards the swings, away from the enchanting Caribbean rhythms (floating on the warm breeze) that were caressing her bare ankles.

“Will this be my first kiss?” I thought. I was hoping she was thinking the same.

She was, as she told me years later. But we never did.

Later on, probably in Honduras, someone asked Augusto Monterroso to write a novel in 7 words.
He answered: ” Cuando despertó, el dinosaurio todavía estaba allí.”
(“When he awoke, the dinosaur was still there.”)

Some other good ones:
“With bloody hands, I say good-bye.”
“We kissed.She melted. Mop please!
“Three to Iraq. One came back.”

“Will this do (lazy writer asked?)
“There were only six words left”

And as for me:
“Couldn’t do it, got writer’s block”